Document type: scientific Document type: published in Applied Animal Science
Authors: . Siachos, R.F. Smith, J.M. Neary
Abstract in French (translation): Summary: Bedding Management in Loose-Housing Systems to Improve the Health and Well-Being of Dairy Cows
Objective – The main objective of this study was to synthesize and present current scientific knowledge regarding the key properties, benefits, risks, and best management practices associated with bedding materials commonly used in loose-housing dairy operations. Sources – This study is based on an analysis of peer-reviewed scientific literature, academic outreach publications, and conference proceedings focusing on housing, management, health, and the well-being of dairy cows. Summary – Sand is widely considered the optimal choice of bedding to promote cow comfort and rest time, and its inorganic nature limits bacterial growth, thereby reducing the risk of intramammary infections. However, it poses significant challenges for manure management systems and equipment durability. Organic bedding materials, such as straw and wood shavings, offer high absorbency and comfort for cows but can promote rapid microbial growth if their moisture content and hygiene are not strictly managed. Solid materials derived from manure recycling are an economical and environmentally sustainable option that provides a soft, non-abrasive surface, but require strict management protocols—such as composting or anaerobic digestion—to control pathogen load and ensure cow health. Conclusions and Applications – Choosing a bedding material involves balancing the benefits to cow health, farm profitability, and management requirements. The effectiveness of any material depends primarily on establishing an adequate bedding depth and maintaining a clean, dry lying surface through frequent and consistent management. This review provides dairy farmers, bovine veterinarians, and consultants with practical, evidence-based guidance to make informed decisions regarding bedding selection and management, with the goal of improving overall cow health, welfare, and farm efficiency.
Preview: Purpose – The primary objective of this review was to synthesize and present current scientific knowledge on the key properties, benefits, risks, and best management prac-tices associated with common bedding materials used in free-stall dairy farms. Sources – This review is based on an examination of peer-reviewed scientific literature, university extension publications, and conference proceedings pertaining to dairy cattle housing, management, health, and welfare. Synthesis – Sand is widely regarded as an optimal bed-ding choice for promoting cow comfort and lying time, and its inorganic nature limits bacterial growth, thereby reducing the risk of intramammary infections. However, it poses significant challenges for manure-handling systems and equipment durability. Organic bedding materials, in-cluding straw and sawdust, offer high absorbency and cow comfort but can support rapid microbial proliferation if not managed diligently for moisture and hygiene. Recycled manure solids are an economical and environmentally sus-tainable option that provides a soft, nonabrasive surface but requires stringent management protocols such as com-posting or anaerobic digestion to control pathogen loads and ensure cow health. Conclusions and Applications – The selection of any bedding material presents a trade-off among cow health benefits, farm economics, and management requirements. The effectiveness of any material is critically dependent on providing adequate bedding depth and maintaining a clean, dry lying surface through frequent and consistent management. This review provides dairy farmers, bovine veterinarians, and consultants with evidence-based, practical guidance to make informed decisions on bedding se-lection and management to improve overall cow health, welfare, and farm efficiency.
Excerpt from the Applied Animal Science website
