Document type: scientific synthesis published in Applied Animal Science
Authors: N. Siachos, R.F. Smith, J.M. Neary
Preview: Purpose – The primary objective of this review was to synthesize and present current scientific knowledge on the key properties, benefits, risks, and best management prac-tices associated with common bedding materials used in free-stall dairy farms. Sources – This review is based on an examination of peer-reviewed scientific literature, university extension publications, and conference proceedings pertaining to dairy cattle housing, management, health, and welfare. Synthesis – Sand is widely regarded as an optimal bed-ding choice for promoting cow comfort and lying time, and its inorganic nature limits bacterial growth, thereby reducing the risk of intramammary infections. However, it poses significant challenges for manure-handling systems and equipment durability. Organic bedding materials, in-cluding straw and sawdust, offer high absorbency and cow comfort but can support rapid microbial proliferation if not managed diligently for moisture and hygiene. Recycled manure solids are an economical and environmentally sus-tainable option that provides a soft, nonabrasive surface but requires stringent management protocols such as com-posting or anaerobic digestion to control pathogen loads and ensure cow health. Conclusions and Applications – The selection of any bedding material presents a trade-off among cow health benefits, farm economics, and management requirements. The effectiveness of any material is critically dependent on providing adequate bedding depth and maintaining a clean, dry lying surface through frequent and consistent management. This review provides dairy farmers, bovine veterinarians, and consultants with evidence-based, practical guidance to make informed decisions on bedding se-lection and management to improve overall cow health, welfare, and farm efficiency.
From the Applied Animal Science website
