Effect of transportation and social isolation on facial expressions of healthy horses
Published in 2021
Scientific paper describing the facial expressions of healthy, pain-free horses before and during transport and social isolation, both of which are potentially stressful management procedures. The following facial features were observed in both cases: increased eye white, dilated nostrils, elevated upper eyelid, elevated inner forehead, exposed tongue, increased ear movements and blinking frequency. Some of these stress markers are already used as indicators of pain.
Document Types: Scientific paper
Animal categories: Equines
Keywords:Animal-based measurements, Pain, Welfare indicators, Stress, Transport