Keywords: Adaptation of the environment to the animal

Article reviewing the history of animal welfare definitions since the 1960s, and supporting the idea that it relates to individuals and is based on an animal's feelings and experiences.

EFSA scientific opinion on the protection of domestic birds and rabbits during transport. The main welfare consequences during loading and unloading are handling stress, injury, restriction of movement and sensory hyperstimulation; those while travelling and on arrival are injury, restriction of movement, sensory hyperstimulation, movement stress, heat, cold, prolonged hunger and prolonged thirst. These welfare consequences and the indicators measured on the animals are described. The hazards that cause them, and recommendations on how to avoid such hazards and to correct or mitigate their effects on welfare  are presented.

EFSA scientific opinion on the protection of pigs during transport. Ten main welfare consequences were identified: group stress, stress during handling, heat stress, injuries, stress from movement, prolonged hunger, prolonged thirst, restriction of movement, problems resting and sensory hyper-stimulation. These welfare consequences and Animal-based measurements for them are described. The hazards that lead to these consequences and recommendations to prevent such hazards and to correct or mitigate their welfare consequences are presented.

EFSA scientific opinion on the protection of equids during transport. Thirteen main welfare consequences were identified: gastroenteric disorders, handling stress, heat stress, injuries, isolation stress, movement stress, prolonged hunger, prolonged thirst, respiratory disorders, resting problems, restriction of movement, sensory hyperstimulation and separation stress. These welfare consequences and how they are measured on the animals are described. The hazards that cause them and recommendations to guard against these hazards and correct or mitigate their welfare consequences are presented.

EFSA scientific opinion on the protection of small ruminants during transport. Eleven main welfare consequences were identified: group stress, stress during handling, heat stress, injuries, stress during movement, predation stress, prolonged hunger, prolonged thirst, restriction of movement, problems resting and sensory hyperstimulation. These welfare consequences and animal based measurements of them are described. The hazards leading to these negative consequences and recommendations on how to avoid the hazards and correct or mitigate their welfare consequences are presented.

EFSA scientific opinion on the protection of cattle during transport. Eleven main welfare consequences were identified: group stress, stress during handling, heat stress, injuries, stress from movement, prolonged hunger, prolonged thirst, respiratory disorders, rsetriction of movement, problems resting and sensory hyperstimulation. These welfare consequences and Animal-based measurements for them are described. The hazards that lead to these consequences and recommendations to prevent such hazards and to correct or mitigate their welfare consequences are presented.

Technical article outlining the risk factors for tail biting, their impact on the pig industry, current knowledge concerning the relationship between different tail postures and the emotional states of pigs, and methods to prevent tail biting.

Scientific review of Chinese systems of rearing laying hens in undergrowth, their overall positive impact on the welfare of the animals themselves, their acceptability to Chinese farmers and public authorities, and the limitations on their general implementation across the whole country.

EFSA scientific opinion on the welfare of all categories of pigs found in the main European farming systems. It identifies the most important welfare risks,  the appropriate animal based measurements, and their consequences, describing preventive and corrective measures. It provides recommendations for each system to address specific pig welfare issues related to tail biting and the European citizens' initiative "End the Cage Age".

Scientific article comparing the health and welfare levels of breeding rabbits living with their litters and of growing rabbits in four different housing systems: two unenriched cage systems, enriched cages and pens. Although it does not reveal major health differences, it does identify management and environmental factors other than housing that can influence health and welfare.