Document type: scientific review published in Annals of Animal Science
Authors: Zalewska Anna, Batorska Martyna, Więcek Justyna, Rekiel Anna, Sońta Marcin
Preview: The European Declaration on Alternatives to Surgical Castration of Pigs stipulated that from 2012, surgical castration could only be performed using anesthetics and/or analgesics, and that it would be completely abandoned by 2018. Many Member States disagreed with the conditions set out in the Declaration. The issue of surgical castration arouses serious controversy among consumers due to their concerns over animal welfare and rearing conditions. According to the Council Directive 2008/120/EC of 18 December 2008 laying down the minimum standards for the protection of pigs, surgical castration can be performed without anesthesia until the seventh day of a piglet's life. Castration is considered painful and can have many adverse health and production consequences. Alternatives to surgical castration include immunocastration or the fattening of entire male pigs. However, these methods also evoke many emotions in both consumers and pork producers. The most common concerns relate to the presence of boar taint in pork, and the appearance of aggressive and sexual behavior within herds. Despite ample literature sources from recent decades, it is difficult to definitively determine whether it is possible to completely eliminate the surgical castration of male pigs. While the use of anesthesia and/or analgesics appears to meet the welfare requirements for pigs, it also poses practical and economic challenges to producers.
