Document type: a systematic review of the literature published in Animals
Authors: B. Pilarczyk; R. Pilarczyk; M. Bąkowska; A. Tomza-Marciniak; E. Kwita; J. Udała
Preview: Herding dogs play an important role in the management of herds of sheep and cattle, and their effectiveness depends on various genetic and environmental factors, and the choice of training method. The aim of this study is to explain how these factors determine the effectiveness of herding work, the level of stress and psychological comfort experienced by the dogs, as well as their physical health. The study also examines the choice of training method, the influence of socialization and relationship with the handler, as well as living conditions. Information on the welfare of herding dogs and the factors that influence this welfare were obtained based on a search of PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus using defined keywords. Research indicates that positive reinforcement, early socialization, and trust-building with the handler increase performance, reduce behavior indicative of any stress the dogs may be experiencing, and improve psychological well-being. Selective breeding has developed herding predispositions, including herding instinct and cognitive abilities, at the expense of predatory instinct. Understanding the genetic and environmental factors associated with well-being, and using ethical training methods benefits both dogs and livestock by allowing herding dogs to fully realize their natural behaviors.
