Species : Beef

Audit report: Evaluate the effectiveness of official controls to protect the welfare of cattle kept for beef production in France

Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety, European Commission

Published in 2024

Audit report assessing the effectiveness of official controls to protect the welfare of cattle in France. While the audit concludes overall that the system of animal welfare controls on cattle farms features competent staff, appropriate guidance and coordination, and effective implementation of comprehensive inspections, the implementation of risk-based planning is inadequate in some departmental directorates, as it fails to take account of relevant factors such as activities carried out by operators (dehorning, tethering). The absence of verification procedures prevents authorities from being able to demonstrate that controls are achieving their objectives. The report contains recommendations for the competent authorities.

Document types: Regulation/Certification

Animal categories: Bovines

Keywords:Adaptation of the environment to the animal, Education, Restraint equipment, Mutilation, Livestock farming system

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Exploring Consumer Preference towards the On-Farm Slaughtering of Beef in Germany: A Discrete Choice Experiment

Josephine Lauterbach, Antonia Johanna Brun, Anna Maria Häring

Published in 2023

Scientific article investigating whether on-farm slaughtering would be a selling point for minced beef in Germany. It shows that consumers attach the greatest importance to price, followed by information on on-farm slaughtering. Information on animal welfare is more important to German consumers than information on meat quality.

Document Types: Scientific paper

Animal categories: Bovines

Keywords: Carcass quality, Human-animal relationships,Societal issues

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French Senate: Written answer to question n°19214: Dérogation à l’obligation d’étourdissement en label rouge « gros bovins de boucherie »

Question: Arnaud Bazin (Val-d'Oise - Les Républicains). Answer: Ministry of Agriculture and Food

Published in 2021

Written answer to a question on whether the derogation from the obligation to stun animals is applicable to the production of red label "large beef cattle". The answer is positive.

Document types: Regulation/Certification

Animal categories: Bovines

Keywords:Consciousness, Pain, Societal issues, Stress

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Determination of static space requirements for finishing bulls based on image analysis

N. Volkmann, J. Stracke, S.L. Rauterberg, B. Spindler, N. Kemper

Published in 2021

Scientific paper providing information on the space requirements of finishing bulls to ensure their welfare. It focuses on the space occupied when motionless in the standing and lying positions and concludes that further studies are needed to take into account the space requirements of bulls to allow movement and social interactions.

Document Types: Scientific paper

Animal categories: Bovines

Keywords:Adaptation of the animal to the environment, Housing, Livestock buildings, Livestock farming system

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Lameness in Beef Cattle: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Survey of On-Farm Practices and Approaches

Jay Tunstall, Karin Mueller, Dai Grove-White, Joanne W. H. Oultram, Helen Mary Higgins

Published in 2021

Scientific article studying the views and breeding practices of British cattle farmers in terms of the identification and management of lameness, and highlighting a pressing need for training to improve these two aspects of livestock farming.

Document Types: Scientific paper

Animal categories: Bovines

Keywords:Pain, Human-animal relationships, Livestock farming system, Welfare indicators

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Etat des lieux de la douleur associée à la mise à mort des bovins sans étourdissement

Cécile Bourguet, Noémie Devriendt, Claudia Terlow, Gautier Riberolles

Published in 2020

Inventory of the sources of stress and pain associated with the stunning and killing of cattle in France, with and without stunning.

Document Types: Scientific review

Animal categories: Bovines

Keywords: Consciousness, Pain, Societal issues, Risk management, Welfare indicators, Brain integration, Cognitive processes

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Welfare Quality® assessment protocol for cattle

Christoph Winckler, Bo Algers, Kees van Reenen, Hélène Leruste, Isabelle Veissier, Linda Keeling, Andy Butterworth, Gwen van Overbeke, Vere Bedaux

Published in 2009

Welfare Quality® combines analysis of consumer perceptions and attitudes with current knowledge from animal welfare science. This has led to the identification of 12 criteria that must be properly taken into account by evaluation systems. To address these issues, it has been decided to focus on those indicators classified as animal-based, which address aspects of the immediate welfare status of animals, such as their behaviour, fear, health or physical condition. These animal-based measures include the effects of variations in farm system management (role of the farmer) as well as particular system-animal interactions. It is however clear that resource-based and management-based measures can also contribute to a welfare assessment if they are closely correlated with animal-based measures. In addition, resource- and management-based measures can be used to identify animal welfare risks and to identify the causes of poor welfare so that improvement strategies can be implemented.
This protocol describes the procedures and requirements for the assessment of the welfare of cattle and is limited to the main categories of production animals, i.e. feeder cattle, dairy cows and veal calves. The document first outlines the on-farm collection of measurement data on feeder cattle, followed by the procedures for calculating scores. The next section describes the collection of data at the abattoir to assess the welfare of feeder cattle at the time of slaughter. Next, the procedure for on-farm collection of measurement data on dairy cows and the calculation of scores for overall farm welfare assessment is described, followed by the protocols for on-farm collection of the same data from calves, along with a description of data collection protocols for measurements taken at the abattoir but relevant to farm welfare. These last two sections complement each other and are used together to calculate on-farm welfare scores for veal calves.

Document Types: Good practice guide

Animal categories: Bovines, Ruminants

Keywords: Adaptation of the animal to the environment, Adaptation of the environment to the animal, Animal-based measurements, Anxiety, Livestock buildings, Pain, Enrichment, Environment, Welfare indicators, Housing, Restraint equipment, Living environment, Modelling, Mutilation, Fear, Human-animal relationships, Stress

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Douleurs animales. 2. Evaluation et traitement de la douleur chez les ruminants

Faure M., Paulmier V., De Boyer Des Roches A., Boissy A., Terlouw E.M.C., Guattéo R., Cognié J., Courteix C., Durand D., 2015

Published in 2015

The establishment of efficient and simple tools to detect pain and assess its intensity would make it possible to meet the needs of professionals (farmers and producers, veterinarians, researchers, etc.), to answer questions raised by public opinion and debate on animal pain and to meet the requirements of the regulations on the use of animals for scientific purposes (cf. Coetzee 2013, bibliographical review). Recent studies have already enabled the identification of behavioural, zootechnical and physiological indicators for the presence and even the intensity of pain (cf. review of the literature by Prunier et al 2013). However, no integrated approach involving the simultaneous use of all these indicators has been developed to date. Moreover, some indicators cannot be used in current practice, and the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the various potential indicators are not always optimal. One route is to combine the indicators in order to increase their informational value. Through this overview, we wish to show i) that evaluation of type and level of pain is essential for optimal pain management and ii) that an evaluation based on a multiparametric approach is best suited to such an objective.

Document Types: Scientific review

Animal categories: Bovines, Caprines, Ovines, Ruminants

Keywords: Adaptation of the animal to the environment, Adaptation of the environment to the animal, Animal-based measurements, Pain, Experimentation, Welfare indicators, Brain integration, Mutilation, Cognitive processes, Stress

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La Conscience des Animaux

Pierre Le Neindre, Muriel Dunier, Alain Boissy, Emilie Bernard, Xavier Boivin, Ludovic Calandreau, Nicolas Delon, Bertrand Deputte, Sonia Desmoulin-Canselier, Nathan Faivre, Martin Giurfa, Jean-Luc Guichet, Léa Lansade, Raphaël Larrère, Pierre Mormède, Patrick Prunet, Benoist Schaal, Jacques Servière, Claudia Terlouw

Published in 2018

Are animals conscious beings?  How do they perceive their own worlds? These questions are being debated in the scientific community for both academic and practical reasons. Accordingly, on 7 July 2012, a group of leading scientists in England headed by Philip Low felt it necessary to publish The Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness. This manifesto states that "a convergence of evidence indicates that non-human animals have the neuro-anatomical, neurochemical and neurophysiological substrates of conscious states as well as the ability to express intentional behaviour...". It calls for further research to learn more about this capacity in animals. In 2015, INRA carried out a multidisciplinary scientific expertise in order to provide a critical review of the literature on animal consciousness. This work was executed at the request of the European Food Safety Authority (request EFSA-Q-2015-00390, contract no. EFSA/Inra/2015/01).

This study is an overview based on the report from INRA's collective scientific expertise (Le Neindre et al., 2017). It is divided into six chapters:
––the social, ethical and legal context for the expertise (chapter 1)
––consciousness in the animal kingdom: historical perspectives, epistemology and definitions (chap. 2)
––overview of current knowledge on human consciousness, with a discussion of the main current innovative concepts given their usefulness for our understanding of the available data on animals (Chapter 3)
––behavioural and neurobiological components in animals that allow us to talk about more or less elaborate content of consciousness. This chapter constitutes the core of the expertise (chap. 4).
––the positive consequences of taking consciousness into account on our understanding of welfare, suffering and pain (chap. 5)
––the importance of consciousness in the adaptive capacities of animals, especially in their phylogenetic components (Chapter 6)
The book concludes with proposals for future avenues of research resulting from the deliberations of various scientific bodies.

Document Types: Scientific work

Animal categories: Bovines, Canines, Caprines, Equines, Mammals, Monogastrics, Birds (except poultry), Ovines, Fish, Porcines, Primates, Reptiles, Rodents, Ruminants, Poultry

Keywords: Adaptation of the animal to the environment, Anxiety, Learning, Training, Consciousness, Pain, Societal issues, Enrichment, Brain integration, Metacognition, Cognitive processes, Evolutionary processes, Stress

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