Review: castration - animal welfare considerations
Published in 2023
Scientific review of scientific assessments of the impact of castration on cattle welfare, including pain and injury, stress, inflammation, effects on the immune system and on production levels. It describes the different methods of castration, the pain responses associated with each, and how age and pain mitigation strategies affect these responses.
Document Types: Scientific review
Animal categories: Bovines
Key words:Adaptation of the animal to the environment, Animal-based measurements, Pain, Well-being indicator, Human-animal relationship, Stress